総 説(Review Article)

森林組合における森林情報整備と間伐計画への応用

近藤 洋史

The Arrangement of the Database on Forest Information and the Application of the Database to the Forest Planning
in the Forest Owners' Cooperative in Japan

KONDOH Hiroshi

Abstract
This thesis describes the arrangement of the database on forest information for the forestry enterprise. The results of the application of the database to the forest planning are also reported. The forestry enterprise, the center of which is the forest owners' cooperative, is becoming the core of the forest operations in various regions in Japan. Promotion of information technology in the forestry enterprise is necessary to solve several problems such as aging of forestry workers, increase of absentee landowners and so on. In other countries, the arrangement of the database on forest information and the application of the database to the forest planning started in the 1980s. In Japan, the database has been arranged at national scale, prefecture scale and some university forests, and forest planning or research has been done using the database. However, forest information has hardly been applied to the forestry enterprise in Japan, especially in forest planning. The object of this thesis is to arrange the information concerning forest management and apply it to forest planning in the forestry enterprise. The significance of this study is that it provides valuable technology for the forest planning in the forestry enterprise. The national forest plan, regional forest plan and municipal forest maintenance plan are made using the data in "Shinrinbo" which reports the forest resource data created by the prefecture. However, the forest operation plan is made by the forest owners' cooperative using the data named "Shinrin no genkyo narabini bassai zorin keikaku" (Current situation and timber-cutting and planting planning) edited by the forest owners' cooperative. In previous researches, the forest operation plan was made using data taken from Shinrinbo. Moreover the workers of the forest operation planning at the Kuma village forest owners' cooperative and Mimi-gawa wide area forest owners' cooperative Saigo branch, were asked what information should be arranged in making the plan. The results of the survey indicated that the forest operation records, the ortho photo and stand condition photos are needed in making the plan. Geographical Information System (GIS) constitutes non-spatial data and spatial data. The information from "Shinrin no genkyo narabini bassai zorin keikaku" and the forest plan maps is used making the forest operation plan. The non-spatial data was obtained from the "Shinrin no genkyo narabini bassai zorin keikaku". The forest plan map is made from the spatial data. Thus GIS technology is considered to be able to apply the forest operation planning. In this study, a new database incorporating the non-spatial data and spatial data was formed. It is remarkable that the forest operation records are used as the database. Also the renewal schedule of the database for the forestry enterprise is presented. The differences in profit with the thinning method were compared. Spur road establishment costs and thinning profits were also taken into consideration. The thinning area of the 47th territorial joint forest management at the Kuma Village forest owners' cooperative in the 1990 fiscal year was studied. Thinning was carried out within a 100-meter range on either side of the spur road. A higher profit was obtained by group thinning than by individual thinning. The profit was higher with the mobile yarder than with the standard yarder. It is also noted that the spur road establishment enterprise cost was higher than the profit on thinning. Therefore, some financial support is necessary for the spur road establishment.

Key words : forest owners' cooperative, forest information, forest management plan, GIS, database system

要 旨
 本研究は、地域森林の適切な管理と持続的利用を推進する事業体と位置づけられている森林組合など林業事業体を主対象として、森林情報データベースを整備する方法を開発するとともに、そのデータベースを森林計画策定等に利用する方法を明らかにしたものである。まず、全国森林計画・地域森林計画・市町村森林整備計画・森林施業計画の各計画策定で利用される森林情報を摘出した。この結果、森林施業計画策定には、これまで利用していると考えられていた森林簿ではなく森林施業計画書に包括されている「森林の現況並びに伐採・造林計画」が主に利用されている実態を指摘した。次に、林業事業体における森林情報データベースを整備する方法を開発するとともに、GIS(Geographic Information System:地理情報システム)の利用について検討した。このシステムを利用して、伐採計画の一つである間伐計画の策定方法を示した。熊本県球磨村森林組合第47団地共同森林施業計画区に対して、これまでの間伐施業の動向とこの間伐について集材機械を変化させた場合ならびに集団化した場合の各間伐収益の比較等を行った結果、間伐は作業道から片側約100mの範囲で実施されていること、森林所有者が個別に間伐を実施するより集団化した方が間伐収益は高くなること、従来の集材機を使用する場合よりスイングヤーダを用いた方が収益の高くなること等が明らかになった。

キーワード:森林組合、森林情報、森林施業計画、GIS、データベース

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